How Does Nutrition Affect Athletic Performances Physical Education Essay

How Does Nutrition Affect Athletic Performances Physical Education Essay Competitors are devoted to their game. They practice every day, train with experts, perform weight lifting, participate in group practices, and competitors contrast their exhibitions and rivals. This dedication is a push to make the human body work all the more effectively. Constant exercise and preparing reinforces the muscles to work better related to the bones. Baseball pitchers would need to prepare the arm muscles to toss a bursting quick throw, marathon runners would work to control the respiratory framework so as to end on a positive note toward the finish of a broad race, and football players expand on spryness and strong perseverance consecutively surpassing the rival. Todays athletic age has cause competiveness in sports to arrive at phenomenal levels. Be that as it may, are competitors devouring the correct nourishments to satisfy these exercises? Sufficient nourishment is a vital angle to athletic execution. Competitors that interest for better in their games or preparing , ought to have a high dietary benefit according to their exercises. This will require good dieting propensities between exercises. It is basic to keep up a parity sound eating routine when execution so as to accomplish greatest execution. A decent eating regimen with sufficient nourishment, for example, calories, nutrients, minerals, protein and water will help give the vitality required to do the movement. Competitors obtain vitality from the nourishments they eat. Food can be additionally isolated into two classes: macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients flexibly a competitor with direct wellsprings of vitality for day by day life exercises and physical exercise. Macronutrients incorporate proteins, sugars, and fats. Micronutrients help in the procedures of life, for example, absorption and food digestion. They can't give vitality, however they are fundamental in producing vitality for the human body. Instances of micronutrients are: nutrients and minerals. Protein is a macronutrient associated with numerous synthetic procedures of life. Proteins are specific for various organs and species. Proteins are blends of amino acids that join in different manners to make muscle, bones, ligaments, skin and numerous different tissues. At the point when proteins are separated by the body at ingestion, amino acids are shaped. There are 20 amino acids which help structure human proteins, anyway just 9 are fundamental. Which means 9 out of the 20 proteins are provided by the food we eat, in light of the fact that the human body can't create them through engineered forms in the cell. Protein is one of the parts in body tissues, vital for cell development and fix, just as in hormones, chemicals, the insusceptible framework, and body liquids. Competitors need protein basically to fix and reconstruct muscle that is separated during physical exercise. It additionally helps in advancing sugar stockpiling. Protein is the last wellspring of vitality utilized when different macronutrients are accessible. At the point when the body needs sufficient sugar, the body goes to protein as a wellspring of fuel for physical movement. During extraordinary physical action, muscle tissue turns into a vitality source in light of the fact that there is a lacking measure of fat and starch expended. Thusly it is important to keep up a parity of protein consumption ordinarily, to compensate for the protein lost in the muscle tissue during an expansion in power when preparing. Exploration has indicated an amino corrosive known as creatine can help upgrade athletic execution. Gotten from other amino acids, glycine, arginine, and methionine, creatine is put away in the skeletal muscle as creatine phosphate. The activity of creatine phosphate is to help encourage the creation of vitality. With an expansion store of creatine phosphate in the body, the capacity to deliver vitality during high power preparing is improved. Too, the googelpeed of recuperation after the activity will improve. Competitors can get creatine basically from meat and fish. Starches are the essential fuel for the practicing muscles and are basic for supporting a competitors preparing and execution. They are the significant vitality hotspot for anaerobic and oxygen consuming movement. Sugars are separated into glucose particles and put away in our skeletal muscles and liver as glycogen. The measure of glycogen put away influences endurance and perseverance. After a competitor is finished preparing, glycogen is discharged from the liver into the circulatory system to reestablish the glucose levels in the blood and glucose is shipped to cells for vitality. On the off chance that the blood glucose levels are low, competitors may feel fractious, tired, and need focus meddling with their presentation. Glycogen put away in the skeletal muscles gives fuel to the practicing muscles during high and low-force exercises. There are restricted sugar holds in the body and practicing causes the glycogen stores to become exhausted rapidly. During exercise, muscle cells come up short on glycogen, the muscles need vitality and exhaustion sets in. The exhibition will endure, yet will differ contingent upon the game and its power. In this way, day by day sugar utilization and preparing is important to keep up glycogen for ideal execution. With the end goal for competitors to acquire enough vitality to augment athletic endeavors, sugars additionally help in fat digestion. The nearness of sugars is basic in using fat for vitality. When all is said in done, perseverance competitors go through a bigger number of starches than competitors that utilization vitality fro quality and force. To clarify this, since perseverance competitors are taking part in physical action over a more drawn out timeframe, a more prominent measure of starches is required by the body to gracefully the vitality for the length. While competitors associated with quality and force occasions require less measure of sugars required by the body to gracefully an abrupt eruption of vitali ty for amazing yet brief physical activities. Competitors ought to pick nourishments that give the most sugars per calorie. Satisfactory admission of sugars will keep protein from being utilized as vitality. At the point when protein in utilized as an auxiliary, it is separated to make glucose for vitality. Subsequently as far as possible its capacity in creating and looking after tissues, since protein is worried upon for vitality. Perfect wellsprings of sugars include: entire grain oat, pasta, earthy colored rice, and bread items. As a major aspect of a solid eating routine, competitors ought to incorporate at any rate two starch rich nourishments going with every supper, and at any rate one with each tidbit. Before rivalries, competitors like to stack muscles with glycogen to defer weariness that happens during continuance occasions. An eating routine that contains high nutritious sugars of 55-65% of all out calories, is sufficiently adequate to give satisfactory glycogen stockpiles that will help bolster the competitor in the length of their exhibition. Fat is the prevalent fuel source during delayed exercise. The body has boundless capacity limit with regards to fat, which makes it the biggest hold of vitality in the body. It is essential for some, metabolic procedures including vitality creation, amalgamation of nutrient D, cholesterol, hormones, and transporters of lipid dissolvable nutrients. Fat can be characterized into two classes dependent on its structure: unsaturated and immersed fats. Unsaturated fats are gotten from plant sources. Favorable circumstances of unsaturated fats incorporate bringing down cholesterol and diminishing the danger of coronary illness. Immersed fats then again, originate from creature sources and cheddar. Soaked fats are not prescribed in enormous utilization to competitors, on the grounds that an overabundance of this macronutrient will raise cholesterol or lipid levels in the blood and lead to heart illnesses. Anyway fats do hold its place in sports sustenance. Fats are less oxygen-rich, yet they can discharge a more prominent measure of vitality at a more noteworthy speed than different supplements. This will furnish a competitor with a concentrated wellspring of vitality. Fat becomes calories that are less open to competitors performing brief exercises. Fat is basic for more and lower force continuance works out. Fats assume a second significant job in the body, protection. Fats help with protecting and ensuring imperative organs and parts of the body. Competitors can acquire fat from food sources, for example, milk, spread, meat and oils. Competitors need to painstakingly screen the sort and the measure of fats they eat. Nutrients are fundamental micronutrients competitors need to create vitality. For the most part nutrients originate from the food we eat, except for nutrient D. Rather than partaking in the metabolic procedures of supplements, nutrients help to manage the responses in metabolic procedures. Nutrients are mindful in encouraging vitality discharge and incorporating bone and tissue. Nonattendance of a nutrient forestalls certain metabolic procedures to happen in the cell, and in the long run influences the metabolic parity in the body all in all. Another micronutrient happens normally on earth. It is found in the earths waters, soil, and the plants we eat. This micronutrient is known as the mineral. There are seven key minerals: calcium, potassium, phosphorous, magnesium, sodium, chloride, and sulfur. Two minerals that merit extraordinary consideration from competitors are iron and calcium. Iron is a primary segment in the blood. It is basic for red platelet arrangement, capacity and myoglobin creation. Iron works in the blood as oxygen transporters, a key job in sport execution. On the off chance that iron levels are low, competitors create indications of sleepiness, poor craving and an expansion in resting beat rate. This outcomes on the grounds that wasteful gracefully of oxygen is appropriated to parts of the body. Oxygen consolidates with glucose to shape ATP particles, the primary wellspring of vitality for muscles. The more prominent measure of ATP is put away in the muscles, the more impressive they will be the point at which it performs work. In any case, when iron levels are low in the blood, muscles don't get enough oxygen to help effort. This outcomes in lactic corrosive

Game of Thrones free essay sample

As the arrangement opens, extra dangers start to emerge in the frosty North and in the eastern landmass of Essos. It is a social marvel dependent on a universe of imagination and valor diving into the way of life of Westeros, a comparable culture to that of Western Europe, and Essos, like that of Eastern Asian culture. Perspectives subsidiary of both early stage and contemporary customary societies are predominately observed all through. Spoken to is a medieval timespan in which lords ruled and classes were partitioned into aristocratic and lowborn organizations. The qualities of this medieval culture are straightforwardly connected to the way of life of the Western European culture in which lords and nobles are as yet noteworthy. The effect of the medieval is significant as in, in contrast with the current inactivity, medieval culture offered more than that of innovation and headway. Inside this culture, there was a reason. There was no everyday dreariness or relaxation rather there was a requirement for endurance and a need of ability. This culture permitted those inside it to xperience the world firsthand and take in of the way of life not quite the same as their own. The arrangement is immersed with the multifaceted veracities and has uncovered the social equals and fluctuations that are likewise introduced inside our own world. Like the way of life of Western Europe and Asia, Westeros and Essos share normal conventions and customs. It shows the supernatural capacities and legendary creatures that societies around the globe have once before had faith in or as of now put stock in. For instance, the eastern societies of Asia have confidence in mythical serpents and beasts, just as mysterious capacities and complex of divinities. In western culture, be that as it may, albeit enchantment once existed inside the general public, it isn't shown inside the modernized custom all things considered in eastern culture. The western culture is additionally more mentally taught and further progressed, from a political perspective. Essos, the way of life of the east, is broadly founded on survivalist and ancestral impulses. They fill in as to a greater degree a chilly society, as in they are stuck in the antiquated conviction and request of their development much like that of crude clans around the world. In this sort of society, practices, for example, subjugation, polytheism and social ceremony are as yet predominant. They work as an increasingly migrant and early stage race when contrasted with the dynamic sovereign society inside Westeros. Indeed, even the setting of their names is a social reference. The religions inside the two unique societies are likewise like the strict traditions and convictions found inside western and eastern culture today. In Westeros, they implore the old divine beings and the new, yet fast approaching strict convictions are correspondingly spoken to. When a polytheistic culture, the west has advanced into a monotheistic culture by limiting the old divine beings and discovering strict authorization in the one genuine god. This is spoken to inside the present history of western culture when religion was polytheistic and adjusted into the new period of monotheism, as showed inside folklore and the Bible. Another connection of social effect inside the arrangement is the formal and stately endorses exhibited inside western and eastern culture. The social conventions are shared among the real world and fiction. In Westeros, they trapped the stylized traditions ot wedding and gathering ceremonies just as the customary family peaks and adages. As observed inside present day western culture, the custom of culmination is likewise polished after a marriage eremony. This is usually observed among sovereignty and majesties that are found in western European societies. In Essos, in any case, however they share the conventionalism of wedding services and maxims, their social customs are increasingly endless supply of formality. For example, in Dothrak society, if a Khaleesi can complete a whole crude steed heart without heaving, her child will be solid. On the off chance that she falls flat, its a terrible sign. The thinking for eating the core of a steed is by virtue of the devout worship of the horse, which is viewed as an awesome being in their convictions. Dothraki conventions are basely found upon quality and fortitude, the two of which bring about force. Westeros finds their capacity through overcoming and battle, from a political perspective, while Essos discovers power through warriors. On the off chance that a Dothraki warrior is crushed, the victor removes their twist to disgrace and shame them in their misfortune. This is seen among other conventional itinerant social orders, for example, the Mongolian warriors. The divider encompassing the seven realms can likewise be socially contrasted with that of the Great Wall of China, it might be said that is shields residents from an impending danger. Cooperation and independence are in the midst of huge numbers of the components that outline the western and eastern culture. Western culture of today is exhibited as an individualistic culture where concern is just appeared for ones self. Eastern culture, despite what might be expected, is progressively collectivistic as in they are worried for the government assistance and prosperity of their residents. In Westeros, the illustrious family thinks about the residents of Kings Landing or the residents of the seven realms rather they show their anxiety for themselves and those firmly related or connected with them. Over the bolt ocean, notwithstanding, the occupants of Essos care for their locale as in, albeit basic and severe, they ensure that every part is thought about and risen to their ruler. Inside this social blend, Daenerys is automatic flung into the crude society of the Dothraki being compelled to fill in as their Khaleesi. She encounters firsthand the culturally diverse blend of customs and conventions of the Essos culture that she was not once in the past habituated to. She serves exceptionally as their sovereign and plans to append the two societies into one domain for her to run the show. Generally speaking, I as both enraptured and fascinated by the subject of this specific task. Round of Thrones, being one of my numerous most loved shows, is both fascinating and convincing in story and height. I truly delighted in separating the segments of the show and finding the inward operations that make it such a striking and retaining display. I could almost relate each section of the book and material examined inside the class to the plot and story improvement inside the show. I was blessed by the gods with information on Game of Thrones because of my slight obsession with the medieval and renaissance culture. It entrances me to see a timeframe where endurance was instinctual and important as opposed to inconsequential and dormant. Additionally, the otherworldly and dream parcel is likewise something I find inconceivably interesting. At times fiction is an important to encounter with the goal that the truth of life isn't so requesting and unforgiving. I don't figure I could discover whatever was not recently talked about inside class or the book. As a general public goes, this arrangement had the entirety of the comparable segments seen inside social orders around the world. It is all fundamentally a similar rubric while examining cultural standards and standard practices. This action permitted me to return to the mind boggling dream that is the fght for the Iron Throne. I love repeating the most grasping parts and resuscitating the stories interweaved together so perfectly by the creator. This classification is in certainty one of my top choices. At first, I didn't believe that I would be keen on this action however the more I set my psyche socially to Game of Thrones, the more excited I became to do it since I had the option to discover the connections between the way of life of the real world and the way of life showed inside the fiction. In spite of the fact that I recently had some information on the social viewpoints in Game of Thrones, I didn't think to concentrate on the cross culture and social blend, despite the fact that those are two significant highlights. I was basically set to a recreation mentality of having fun, however now I am socially adjusted with the inward activities of the general public inside the storyline. I was at that point mindful of the way of life of rulers and clans; I Just didn't think to look at the two. This movement is really one that struck my advantage, and I would prescribe it to those whom appreciate stalling the segments of a story to comprehend the implications better. It was engaging and fascinating to find out such a great amount about something I recently appreciated.

Ty Cobb Essay -- essays research papers

Ty Cobb "Baseball," Ty Cobb jumped at the chance to state, "is something like a war...Baseball is a red- blooded game for red-blooded men. It's not pink tea, and mollycoddles had better avoid it. It's...a battle for matchless quality, an endurance of the fittest" (Ward and Burns 64). In spite of the fact that Ty Cobb was conceivably the best player in baseball history, numerous individuals would think of him as its most exceedingly awful individual. Tyrus Raymond Cobb was conceived December 18, 1886 in The Narrows, Georgia. His folks named him after the old Phoenician city of Tire, which tenaciously declined to give up to Alexander the Great. From the earliest starting point, he took after the city and got one of baseball's generally obstinate and despised men. The Georgia Peach, alleged, was an animal of boundaries. Ty Cobb is, by bare measurements, quantifiably the best hitter ever; he was, by the retribution of for all intents and purposes everybody who met him, by and by the most wretched individual ever to beauty the National Pastime (Deford 56). Cobb's playing vocation, with the Detroit Tigers also, the Philadelphia Athletics, was apparently the best anybody at any point had. He won twelve batting titles in thirteen years, remembering a record nine for a line. He additionally holds the records for the most runs scored with 2,245 and the most noteworthy lifetime batting normal at .367, a number about inaccessible even in only one season by the present guidelines. Different records he set that have since been broken: 3,034 games played, 4,191 hits, 892 taken bases, 392 outfield helps, 1,136 additional fair hits, and 1,961 runs batted in. He additionally struck out only multiple times in multiple times at bat, an amazing accomplishment. After his profession finished, in 1936, he was the main vote-getter of the top notch of the Baseball Hall of Fame, beating even Babe Ruth. Be that as it may, Cobb's profession was defaced with debate and outrages. He was despised by almost every player in the association, including his own colleagues. At the point when he was first called up to play with Detroit, he was incredibly disagreeable with his colleagues. They kept him out of the washroom, tore the crown out of his straw cap and sawed fifty-fifty the bat that had been particularly designed for him by his old neighborhood casket producer. He didn't take any of it with amiableness and couldn't stand to be the objective of the mildest joke. He battled back with his clench hands, would not address his tormentors, created ulcers, took to laying down with a pistol... ... Ty consumed his fan mail for heat" (Kramer 31). Likewise with every single terrible young men, there was a decent side to Ty Cobb, albeit hardly any at any point saw it. Regardless of his failure to burn through cash on himself, he gave a great deal to other people. He offered cash to penniless resigned ballplayers, made a difference construct another emergency clinic in Royston, and began a store for poor understudies (Kramer 44). While giving cash, Cobb still felt unliked and remained practically alone for a mind-blowing remainder. What cash he spent on himself was nearly solely towards the utilization of liquor, which he turned out to be vigorously reliant on. He said he would have surrendered his cash if no one but he could change the way players felt about him. He realized no one overlooked how awful he generally could be in his playing days (Kramer 45). Cobb passed on of malignancy July 17, 1961, a pitiful and forlorn man. Just 400 individuals, the greater part of them little-leaguers who just knew him as a name from before, appeared at his memorial service. Only three ballplayers from his period tried to join in. Close to an amazing finish, Cobb remarked to a guest that on the off chance that he had his life to live over once more, "I would have done things a little different...I would have had more friends" (Ward and Burns, 65).

Family Structures Shifting From Traditional Families To Modern - 275 Words

Family Structures: Shifting From Traditional Families To Modern (Essay Sample) Content: Name Course title Professor’s name Date Family structures and cultures Introduction Today’s families are very diverse than in the past. In the past children used to have childhood programs in their families. The main aim of the article is to aim and also briefly describe how the shifting from traditional families to modern families. Several challenges, strengths and experiences have occurred due to this shifting. . (Lisa, Kirsten 46) Several issues have come by due to insights from the modern families. Rich families sometimes face joyous moments, frustrations and more. Nowadays families have different structures. Gay family, this is a type of family, whereby one sex of people come together and form a family, a man marries a man. Bilingual family or a bicultural family, this is a type of family whereby one can have two families e.g. one in U.S and the other in Mexico. Single parent family is another type of family; one person takes care of the children in the family. Modern families have affected our culture very much; it has also changed our normal trends. Let’s take a gay family for an example; this was not there in the past. it is against the culture to marry a person of your own sex. But nowadays this is approved; this corrodes the culture and normal trends. The culture has also affected this type of families because the culture goes against these types of families.(Lisa,...

Business Law - 1579 Words

1. Identify the ethical, strategic, operational, and financial issues in this scenario and list them in priority order from most to least critical. As a global healthcare organization, our goal has always been to promote quality of care and optimal health to people around the world. We have a firm commitment to serve diverse communities with products and services that reflect the latest trends in innovation and the highest quality at reasonable prices to match consumer expectations and needs. We have established a culture founded on individual accountability that expects employees at all levels us to communicate openly and transparently; any strategic, operational, or financial challenges we face are viewed through a comprehensive moral†¦show more content†¦2. As the director of overseas operations, what options are available to you to resolve this situation? State the risks and consequences associated with each option you identify. To stay successful throughout the planning process and management of overseas operations, we have to work with leaders throughout the organization to identify events that may affect the achievement of our objectives and to determinate contingency plans or alternative solutions. We understand that the goal of operations management is to affect the entire cycle of a new product line in a positive manner (Chase, Jacobs amp; Aquilano, 2004), so we strive to take into consideration the addition of new resources, the rearrangement of existing resources, and the possible removal of resources to execute the strategic, intermediate, and short-term decisions made by overseas teams. To resolve the situation in Malaysia, we should consider at least two different options that both take into account a flat development expense and uniform unit cost wherever possible. We should first consider adding external resources, including external contractors and existing cross-functional teams. 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The New Testament - 2180 Words

The New Testament is rooted in history; real histories like time and space. It is also striking in its personal tone. The great majority of its documents are letters; personal letters similar to those used in the modern era. The format may be somewhat different for moderns; however, for those recipients receiving and reading the letters in the 1st Century they represented normal writing conventions. The four Gospel accounts the New Testament contains are personalized accounts of the life and work of Jesus Christ as he came too initiated in the Kingdom of God. They are informative and actually contain the very words of Jesus. Luke, the writer of one of the accounts, gives, early on, in his account, the genealogy of Jesus as traced†¦show more content†¦Only Acts provides the outline of Paul’s missionary activity, from his conversion to his Roman imprisonment (chapters 13-28). No record exists detailing the various missionary activities of the other apostles altho ugh it seems possible they were doing likewise. The author of Hebrews is unknown; however, the book is a superb comparison/correlation of the old and new covenants. The apocalyptic revelation John received is addressed to seven churches of Asia and, while it gives warning concerning their current treatment of the gospel, it also gives encouragement to them pertaining to present and upcoming persecution. The New Testament is a wonderful piece of divine literature and stands worthy of our confidence. It is generally thought that Paul’s writings were the first to be recognized in their circulation among the churches. His letter to the Galatians appears like it was his first and to have been written approximately 48-49CE. His other letters are thought to have been written during the 50-60’sCE. The Gospel accounts are considered to have been written in the period 60-85CE. Luke is credited with having written his Gospel account as well as Acts sometime during the 60-70CE timeframe. The writer, as well as the date of writing of Hebrews, is unknown; however, estimates are of a pre-70CE

ERP Implementation Business Accounting

Question: Discuss about the ERP Implementation for Business Accounting. Answer: Introduction The accounting software is designed for automating the processing, recording, handling as well as storage and also accessing different kinds of financial transactions of a business along with other associated information. It helps in the improvement of accuracy, efficiency and cost-effectiveness in accounting and financial operations. It also provides the companies with powerful mechanisms to streamline their essential financial processes and implementation of formal procedures for collecting, maintaining and presenting financial data (Business-Software.com, 2009). The organisations may either develop the accounting software in-house or purchase it from a third party. It may also use the application software package of the third party after making local modifications. The accounting packages differ vastly in cost as well as complexity (Pulakanam Suraweera, 2010). The accounting packages that exist today record the financial transactions and along with that they also produce accounting reports. However, for managerial decision making, functionality is also included so as to gain a competitive advantage (Collins, 2006). In the recent years, accounting software have made great leaps technologically in terms of flexibility, sophistication, speed and power. There has also been an increase in the number of innovative features like web interfaces and they have become better integrated with supply chain and also other applications (Mohamed, 2007). Several of the accounting software packages consist of add-ons which can be utilised for integrating the software with the web / internet or with other software (Caruso, 2007). History, Development and Adaptation of Accounting Software Till the year 1974, accounting was mainly done in the manner similar to the one which was started by the ancient Egyptians around 3000 years ago. However, the growth in trade and expansion of businesses required a system for documentation of the transactions. In the mid-1980s, the PC was launched by IBM and this led to the rapid evolution of the trial balances that were paper based to the spreadsheets on Lotus 123. Even though, the balancing of books was still being done manually, the first accounting packages started to make their appearance. In the late 1980s, TurboCash, an automated system emerged which made the process of consolidating ledgers easier. However, it could not perform many functions and was not web based. The earlier accounting systems that were DOS-based had high stability but were updated very rarely. However, the advent of Microsoft along with its upgrades in a regular manner, constant system adaptations became the norm. A major role was played by technology in ac counting softwares evolution. Firstly, the shift that occurred from DOS to Windows ad from then on it became a significant deal breaker while selecting the accounting package. Accounting technology has evolved in a twofold manner. It includes the Business Intelligence (BI) being built in which indicates a use of technology that is more predictive and intuitive and the cloud computing mobility. The development that has taken place in accounting software over the years has made modern accounting totally different from its roots. Today, there is presence of double-entry bookkeeping, political measures such as the GST, sophisticated investments and joint stock companies which makes it vital for an accountant to have expertise in a large number of areas. Computers have emerged as tools that are not only indispensible but also partners in this. The BI is already entrenched firmly and the software as a service or cloud computing is the next wave. In this phase, the accounting software is not just the replication on the screen of what is written on paper but it is more interconnected, intuitive and mobile (Ryan, 2012). The cloud computing has a huge impact on the bigger audit firms. Cloud helps them in better resource utilisation and every data is accessible on the internet, irrespective of where the company is based. Cloud computing in convenient and it also allows the experts to perform the crucial functions such as security as well as backups in a way that is cost effective (Scott, 2015). Today the accounting packages have evolved into complete tools for business management and the cloud has heralded a new era in accounting packages in the world as well as in Australia. The Market Leaders, Market Size and the Competitive Advantages of the Accounting Softwares in Australia QuickBooks, MYOB, Xero, Reckon and Saasu are the leading accounting software that are available in Australia currently and are widely used by most of the small businesses. They form the major players in cloud accounting market of Australia and are fighting a battle for supremacy. They have simplified the process of keeping accounts and allowed the businesses to make decisions related to cashflow and invoicing through mobile and desktop apps. With Xero and Intuit throwing the industry wide open, incumbents such as MYOB are building their own offerings for maintaining the market share (Heber, 2015). The competitive advantage of Intuit QuickBooks software is due to its economical price and comprehensive features that are provided by it. MYOB is among Australias best accounting softwares which has the aim of functioning as more than an accounting package. In addition to the regular functions of accounting, it gains its competitive advantage from being structured in a way that helps the business owners to increase their profitability and making better quality of decisions by having a real time view of the financial operations related to the business. It is more than just being a store register. The MYOB Kounta interface helps on integrating the complete business operations with the transactions at the point of sale. It can work both online as well as online. It is ATO compliant which helps the businesses to stay updated with the compliance obligations and option of working online with the personnel of bookkeeping. The MYOB software can also be extended easily and built with add-on solutions that are available with the wide range of tools of the firm (Advisory HQ, 2016). It has approved a program of $40 million for developing cloud technology (Heber, 2015). Xero is also very popular and has real time data monitoring capabilities (Advisory HQ, 2016). The advanced reconciliation process of Xero helps in the importing and categorisation of bank transactions. It invested $250 million for building up of its cloud platform right from the start (Heber, 2015). The revenue that MYOB secures is more per unit in comparison to Xero but the churn rate is also higher. While MYOB is Australias provider of accounting software, Xero is the largest company of cloud accounting. The number of cloud subscribers of MYOB in Australia and New Zealand are 116,000 whereas Xero has 320,000 subscribers. The net customer additions of Xero in the recent years has been twice that of the cloud subscriber growth of MYOB which shows that it is ahead in the race for the market share throughout the cloud offering. A important part of cloud space is the reduction in customer churn as users possess a higher lifetime value in comparison to the desktop market. The annual churn rate of MYOB is approximately 17% throughout its customer base of cloud whereas for Xero it is nearly11-13% for Australia and New Zealand. As the three companies fight for the title of leadership, they will be focusing on reducing the churn rates and improving customer acquisition as well as retent ion rates (Heber, 2015). Figure 1 LTV Calculation for MYOB and Xero (Heber, 2015) Figure 2 MYOB Vs. Xero : Net Cloud Additions (Heber, 2015) Current Gaps and Challenges Encountered by Users and Customers of Accounting Packages / Software in Australia The computerisation of accounts has increased the number of people who are a part of managing the accounts. They include the owner, the IT consultants, the accountant and some employees. The purpose built softwares are updated only on the owners request. Costs are high initially and benefits like high functionality and affordability are accompanied with dependency, uncertainties, risks and potential complexities (Feiler, 2000). System integration is another challenge that they face. Continuous technological changes and software updates that are associated with it add to the issues. The owners are required to adopt IT and also keep pace with the IT industry changes that are fast paced. For businesses with poor resources, this is a big ask (Bland, 2007). The lack of IT competency of the managers and poor understanding related to computer along with expertise in internal computer that is lacking is another challenge. Additionally, the managers may also lack the skills of computing and good knowledge of accounting (Sleeter, 2005). Support of top management and the leadership and management of skills of the project manager are necessary but in small businesses this may be lacking as the top management as well as the project manager may be the same(Nah Delgado, 2006). Work pressure may prove to be an additional challenge in such cases (Lee Runge, 2001). Recommendations Low cost software that is user friendly and provides input efficiencies like auto-fill will be useful for overcoming such challenges. The users can also take the help of external consultants for overcoming the challenges related to IT and accounting knowledge. Conclusion The high competition among the enterprises has led to a demand for information that is more updated for allowing management to adapt rapidly to the opportunities and responding to the problems. Realtime reporting helps in understanding the corporate performance in a better way and also provides more confidence in case of corporate governance (Trigo et al., 2014). In Australia, this demand is being catered to by the leading players like QuickBooks, MYOB and Xero who are fighting for market supremacy. Bibliography Advisory HQ, 2016. Overview: Best Small Business Accounting Software Australia. [Online] Available at: https://www.advisoryhq.com/articles/5-best-small-business-accounting-software-in-australia/ [Accessed 25 August 2016]. Bland, V., 2007. Beyond the Basics. NZ Business, 21(10), pp.48-54. Business-Software.com, 2009. Top 10 Accounting/Financial Management Software for Mid-sized Businesses 2009. [Online] Available at: https://www.otaccounting.com/top_10_accounting.pdf [Accessed 25 August 2016]. Caruso, D., 2007. Six Ways to Ensure An ERP Implementation Delivers Value. Manufacturing Business Technology, 25(8). Collins, J.C., 2006. Small Business Software Grows Up. Journal of Accountancy, 201(3), pp.50-56. Feiler, E., 2000. Evaluating Accounting Software Consultants. CPA Journal, 70(6), pp.46-51. Heber, A., 2015. The cloud accounting supremacy war in Australia. Business Insider: Australia, 10 April. Lee, J. Runge, J., 2001. Adoption of Information Technology in Small Business:Testing Drivers of Adoption for Entrepreneurs. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 42(1), pp.44-57. Mohamed, A., 2007. Accounting for The Needs of SMEs. Computer Weekly, 4 September. pp.34-35. Nah, F.F. Delgado, S., 2006. Critical Success Factors for Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation and Upgrade. Journal Of Computer Information Systems, 46(5), pp.99-113. Pulakanam, V. Suraweera, T., 2010. Implementing Accounting Software In Small Businesses In New Zealand: An Exploratory Investigation. Accountancy Business and the Public Interest, 9, pp.98-124. Ryan, E., 2012. The Evolution Of Accounting Software: Past, Present And Future. The Journal of Global Accounting Alliance. Scott, B., 2015. The Accounting Journal: Today the Cloud, Tomorrow the Skys the Limit! MYOB: The Pulse, 31 August. Sleeter, D., 2005. Dealing With QuickBooks Client Data: Analyze the Data File. CPA Technology Advisor, 15(2), p.36. Trigo, A., Belfo, F. Estebanez, R.P., 2014. Accounting Information Systems: The Challenge of the Real-Time Reporting. Procedia Technology 16 ( 2014 ) 118 127 , pp.118-27.

The Indonesian Tourism Industry Tourism Essay Example

The Indonesian Tourism Industry Tourism Essay The capital metropolis of Indonesia, Jakarta with a entire populations of 9.6 million ( BPS, 2012 ) with five countries viz. West, East, North, South and Central, has positive economic growing since period 2000 to 2011, which largely was sustained by the three chief sectors such as ( 1 ) fiscal, existent estate and concern services sector, ( 2 ) trade hotel and eating house sector and ( 3 ) fabrication sector. ( BPS, 2012 ) The increasing of economic growing gives impacts to the touristry industry in Indonesia. In January 2011, the Culture and Tourism Minister of Republic Indonesia announced the replacing of Visit Indonesia Year stigmatization with Fantastic Dutch east indies as portion of touristry run that expected to pull 7.7 million foreign tourers and bring forth $ 8.3 billion of gross. Whereas 50 % of this gross will be generated from meetings, convention and exhibitions that will take topographic point in assorted topographic point in Indonesia. ( The Jakarta Post, 31st December 2010 ) . Jakarta, where the cardinal authorities, trade, services and industry are located at, makes Jakarta a finish for concern travelers or as a authorities cardinal meeting. In add-on, with the completing installations at JIExpo Kemayoran in North Jakarta, Jakarta Convention Center in Central Jakarta, Balai Kartini in South Jakarta, Semanggi Expo in South Jakarta, Jakarta will go one of the touristry finish for MICE ( Meeting, Incentive, Convention, and Exhibition ) concern. ( Sarya, 2011, p.16 ) We will write a custom essay sample on The Indonesian Tourism Industry Tourism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Indonesian Tourism Industry Tourism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Indonesian Tourism Industry Tourism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Table 1. : The statistic of figure of international tourer reaching through gate Airport Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 Soekarno Hatta, 1,464,717 1,390,440 1,823,636 1,933,022 Ngurah Rai, 2,081,786 2,384,819 2,546,023 2,788,706 Polonia, 130,211 148,193 162,410 192,650 Sam Ratulangi 21,795 29,715 20,220 20,074 Batam 1,061,390 951,384 1,007,446 1,161,581 Juanda, Surabaya 156,726 158,076 168,888 185,815 Adi Sumarmo 19,022 16,489 22,350 23,830 Minangkabau, 40,911 51,002 27,482 30,585 Others 1,257,939 1,193,612 1,224,489 1,311,468 Sum 6,234,497 6,323,730 7,002,944 7,647,731 Beginning: Biro Pusat Statistik, 2012 Table 1.1 shows that the international tourers who arrived through Jakarta s International Airport viz. Soekarno Hatta, have increased twelvemonth to twelvemonth which in 2011, it reached about 1.9 million. The entire international tourers who came to Indonesia in 2011 have about reached the mark of the Culture and Tourism Minister to pull 7.7 million foreign tourers. Hotel Industry For some large states like Jakarta, which has many concern activities, hotel becomes one of the most productive income-producing belongingss ( Internal information Colliers International Indonesia, 2012 ) . There are four benefits from hotel industry for a state ( Medlik A ; Ingram, 2000, p.4 ) , which are, In some countries, hotel as an attractive force of visitant who bring passing power and who tend to pass more money than they do when they are at place. This visitant disbursement power frequently gives large part to the economic system gross of a state. In Jakarta, hotel, trade and eating house sector is one of top three sectors which give a biggest part in GDP for largely old ages. From period 2009-2011, hotel, trade and eating house sector has contributed 20 % for DKI Jakarta s GDP ( Gross Domestic Product ) . ( BPS, 2009 2011 ) In countries which having foreign visitants, hotels play large functions as alien currency earners which can give large part to their state s balance of payments. For states which have little possibilities of export may take hotels as their alien currency earners. Hotels can supply many occupation chances that this function is of import for countries which have little figure of beginnings of employment, where they contribute to regional development. Hotel can move as a medium to promo the merchandises of other industries. Largely hotel are supplied with nutrient, drink and other consumables which purchased from local husbandmans, fishermen and other providers. Using local merchandises in their services makes this hotel non merely can lend straight to their economic system gross to state as a alien currency earners but besides indirectly as an mercantile establishment to advance other local industries. Hotels may go societal activity Centres for local people and frequently their eating houses and other installations can pull local usage. The positive macroeconomic growing encourages the positive growing of hotel supply in Jakarta, as a respond from hotel groups for the positive growing of room demand. Some hotel groups expand their hotel concatenation by increasing their figure of hotel, such as Tauzia ( local concatenation ) which its hotel direction will develop 23 hotels until 2012, consist of 15 units Harris Hotel and 8 units of Pop Harris. Next, there is the Accor group ( international concatenation based on France and the largest operator of hotels in Asia Pacific ) program to spread out their web across Indonesia from 40 hotels in 2011 to 100 hotels by 2015. PT Surya Semesta Internusa Tbk ( SSIA ) , who own and manages the 5-star Gran Melia Hotel Jakarta and Melia Hotel Bali, plans to spread out its gross in the cordial reception market by developing a budget hotel web in 2012. The increasing figure of hotel for a budget hotel to a five stars hotel for period 2000 2011 are shown on the Figure 1.2, ( from the period 2012 2015 are projection figure ) , Beginning: Adopted from informations internal Colliers International Indonesia, 2012 Figure1. : The hotel supply in Jakarta by figure of hotel from period 2000-2015 Beginning: Adopted from informations internal Colliers International Indonesia, 2012 Figure1. : The hotel supply in Jakarta by figure of room from period 2000-2015 Based on the Figure 1.2, the supply of hotel since 2000-2011 are dominated by 5-star hotel and 4-star hotel, whereas until 2011 there were already 37 five-star hotel and 35 four-star hotel in Jakarta. These hotel groups which play in Jakarta hotel market consist of international and local trade names. Some of international trade names in Indonesia which the author would wish to advert are Holiday Inn, Sheraton, Four Seasons, Kempinksi, InterContinental, Hilton International, Ritz-Carlton and Mandarin Oriental. While the local trade names besides sharply work to construct their ain concatenation, from Santika, Mulia and Sultan to the Sahid Group and many others. The Emerging of Budget Hotel in Jakarta The construct of Budget Hotel in Jakarta began to emerge in 2006, initiated by the Accor Group, France with the Hotel Formule1, which plans to construct four other subdivision of this hotel in Bali, Semarang, Yogyakarta and Jakarta. Then followed by Santika Group with their Amaris Hotel that until 2012 holding 22 Amaris hotel and planning to spread out the concatenation by adding another 13 Amaris Hotel. Basically the key participants in budget hotel market are hotel groups who already have established their star hotel ironss, and because they can see the possible market and demand of budget hotel, they add one line in their concatenation for budget hotel. Some of the hotel groups are shown in Table 1. : Hotel groups and their trade name on star and budget hotel. Table 1. : Hotel groups and their trade name on star and budget hotel Hotel Group Star Hotel Brand Budget Hotel Brand Aston International Aston Hotel ( 3 Star ) Fave Hotel Accor Group Grand Mercure ( 4 star ) Novotel ( 4 star ) Pullman Hotel ( 5 star ) Ibis Budget Hotel ( antecedently Formule 1 ) Grahawita Santika Santika Premiere ( 4 Star ) Santika Hotel ( 3 Star ) Amaris Hotel Tauzia Hotel Management Harris Hotel ( 4 Star ) Pop Hotel PT Intiland Development Grand Whiz ( 3 Star ) Whiz Hotel Beginning: Adopted from informations internal Colliers International, 2012 Budget hotels are known for its low menu hotel ( Barrows A ; Powers, 2009, pp.273 ) , where invitees can see remaining at good quality hotel, with a low monetary value. The invitees pay merely for what they use. This will ensue in non merely cost efficiency for the costumier but besides for the investor. Based on Colliers International Indonesia information 2012, in twelvemonth 2011 there are merely 6 budget hotels in Jakarta, which are, Formule 1, Menteng by Accor Amaris Hotel, Panglima Polim by Santika Formule 1, Cikini by Accor Amaris Mangga Dua Square by Santika Amaris Soekarno Hatta, Cengkareng by Santika Amaris Senen by Santika In the Figure 1.3 shows the entire figure of budget hotel in Jakarta since emerged in 2006 to 2012. Beginning: Adopted from informations internal Colliers International Indonesia, 2012 Figure1. : The figure of budget hotel in Jakarta from period 2006-2012 The Segment of Budget Hotel The chief section of budget hotel in Jakarta is concern traveler. The high demand of concern activities in Jakarta, which require low monetary value adjustment with limited service, has encouraged budget hotel as a chief penchant for company in taking their concern adjustment. In add-on, there is a displacement work system among corporation when they will make enlargement into a new country. In the epoch of the 1990s, to supervise or guarantee the possible for concern in country which freshly initiated, the company normally sends a direct top direction ( Hari et al. , June 2011, p.44 ) . Since 2000 s, with the bettering economic system and quality of human resources, the corporation began to depute the undertaking at in-between direction degree ( Hari et al. , June 2011, p.44 ) . In add-on, by deputing undertakings to the degree of direction, the costs will be cheaper than directing the top direction. Those alterations of form, so impact the travel concern in Indonesia, from the outgrowth of low cost bearer ( LCC ) to the mushrooming budget hotel ( limited service hotels ) which merely provide the basic demands of the invitees: the comfy suites for remainder. Basically the potency of concern traveller market in Jakarta is rather big, because of few grounds, which are: The betterment in all sectors and positive economic growing has large impact in the increasing of concern activity in Jakarta. In their concern activity, the concerns frequently do concern trip to out of town, even abroad. And as a cardinal authorities, trade, services and industry, Jakarta becomes one of the most finishs for concern travelers in Indonesia. Based on informations from Asia Pacific Business Traveller Research 2011 by Accor Group, the cost which spent for hotel adjustment for Indonesian concern traveler is $ 92/night ( 2011, p.11 ) , while the norm long stay is 2.08 twenty-four hours. ( BPS, 2011 ) As the entire concern traveler in Indonesia in 2011 is about 90 % of the entire domestic tourer in Indonesia ( Siahaan, 2012 ) , hence concern travelers will be around 6.84 million in a twelvemonth. Therefore from this sum of concern travelers, there is about $ 1.3trillion of the entire cost of the trip that flows into the hotel industry in 2011. Global fiscal crisis in 2008 had besides triggered the corporation to cut their concern travel budget. There are some schemes that they have done during 3 old ages after the crisis ( 2009-2011 ) . Based on Ascend Corporate Travel Survey 2012 , from 340 respondent of concern travelers who based 43 % Europe, 30 % North America and 17 % Asia Pacific, there is an increasing figure of company which planning to alter their pick of hotels to salvage money in 2011. Whereas this status was encouraged budget hotel as a penchant adjustment for company for concern trip The Industry of Budget Hotel in Jakarta What becomes interesting from budget hotel market in Jakarta is how the supply and demand of budget hotel is significantly increasing in the short period of clip. Many hotel groups or air hose groups expand their concern to put in budget hotel, by seeing the possible demand of this hotel. For case, AirAsia Group, an air hose company based on Malaysia, who became a innovator of supplying a budget air hose ( Low Cost Carrier, LLC ) , has besides interested to make budget hotel with trade name Tune Hotel. After first established in Malaysia in 2007, Tune Hotel has spread in 6 states, such as Malaysia, Indonesia, England, Thailand, Filipina and Australia. In 2009, they launched two Tune Hotel in Bali which is in Kuta and Seminyak and in 2013, they are be aftering to spread out 13 Tune Hotels in Indonesia which will be in Jakarta, Bekasi, Surabaya, Pekanbaru, Makassar, Sola, Palembang, Tangerang and Bali ( Kompas, 5th September 2012, p.19 ) In the Figure1. : The growing in footings of figure of suites from period 2000-2012 below shows that budget hotel s growing compared with 3, 4 and 5 star hotels in footings of figure of suites is lifting important since emerged in 2006. Beginning: Adopted from informations internal Colliers International Indonesia, 2012 Figure1. : The growing in footings of figure of suites from period 2000-2012 The important supply of budget hotel is a respond for important demand from the market. It can be seen from the tenancy rate of budget hotel which is rather good better than 3 5 star hotels. The Figure1. : The tenancy rate from 5-star hotel to budget hotel shows that merely two old ages after budget hotel has emerged to the market, its tenancy rate is extremely better than 3 5 star hotels, even 5-star hotel has the lowest tenancy rate from 2000-2011. Beginning: Adopted from informations internal Colliers International Indonesia, 2012 Figure1. : The tenancy rate from 5-star hotel to budget hotel The higher demand of budget hotel than 3, 4, 5 star hotels gives an thought that budget hotel likely has satisfied their client and could make their trueness clients who wants to make repetition purchases of their services. However, before making high client satisfaction degree and holding trueness clients, there are values that budget hotel should give to their client. How client value creative activity that budget hotel has done to their client and how this value creative activity impacts their client satisfaction and trueness that finally will increase their demand degree and how this client value creative activity impacts to the hotel profitableness that impact the supply degree will be a intent for this research. Problem Designation Due to the demand of budget hotel is higher than 3, 4, 5 star hotels, therefore there is a mark that likely budget hotel has satisfied their client that finally could make client trueness who wants to make repetition purchases of their services hotel. However, in order to fulfill their client and make client trueness, they should give values to their client. Therefore, the issue in this thesis is to analyze The Impact of Customer Value Creation on Budget Hotel towards Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty and Hotel Profitability . There are four countries of research job, What value creative activity that budget hotel has done towards its clients? What is the client satisfaction degree of budget hotel as an impact of client value creative activity? What are the ruling values in act uponing client satisfaction which will take to make client trueness? How is the profitableness degree of budget hotel compared to 4 and 5 star hotel as an impact from client satisfaction and client trueness? Research Objective The chief intents of this research paper are: To place and explicate the client s value of budget hotel To place and explicate of client satisfaction of budget hotel as impacts of the client value creative activity To place and explicate the ruling value in act uponing client satisfaction degree of budget hotel, which will take to make client trueness To place and explicate the correlativity between client satisfaction and client trueness of budget hotel To analyse the profitableness degree of budget hotel compared with 4 and 5 star hotel as an impact from client satisfaction degree and client trueness Significant Research The survey is important because it provides information which will be helpful for the readers: The survey is important in understanding the client behaviour and needs better. The survey will turn to the issue of client value creative activity to better the client satisfaction to make client trueness. The survey may be utile for many interested parties, particularly: Budget hotel groups. They may utilize this research to back up sweetening of client satisfaction and relationship Students and internal parties of Swiss German University. This research can be used as a mention for lectors and other pupils to carry on farther research. The research worker. The consequence of this research can be used to enrich my cognition. Academicians. The consequence of this research can be used to make farther research in the same industry. Scope and Limitation of Thesis In order that the survey on this topic more focal point, and to acquire the benefit from the survey, therefore the survey limited to: The value creative activity by budget hotel in Jakarta towards its client The impact of client value creative activity on client satisfaction and trueness The impact of client satisfaction and trueness on profitableness degree of budget hotel compared with hotel industry.

Barrack Obama Genogram

Barrack Obama Genogram Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Barrack Obama Genogram specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Genogram Report Introduction The above pictorial illustrates the genogram of the Barack Obama family. It clearly depicts three generations from grandparents to off springs. This report gives a detailed account of each of Obama’s relation. Third Generation At the top left of the genogram are President Obama’s maternal grandparents, Stanley Armour Dunham and Madelyn Lee Payne. They were both born in Kansas and got married on May 5, 1940. Stanley was born on March 23, 1918 and died on February 8, 1992 in Honolulu, Hawaii (Collins, Jordan and Coleman 180). His remains are buried in Punchbowl national Cemetry located in Honolulu, Hawaii. Payne, on the other hand, was born in the year 1922 in Wichita, Kansas and she died 86 years later on November 3, 2008 in Honolulu, Hawaii (Powell 24). The family was blessed with a dau ghter, Stanley Ann Dunham who became President Obama’s mother. Second Generation On the right side at the top of the genogram are Barack’s paternal grandparents, Onyango Obama and Akuma both of whom were of Kenyan origin (Collins et al. 181). Onyango was polygamous and had two other wives, Habba and Sarah who was his third. Onyango is estimated to have been born in 1895 and died in 1979. From his early life, he was a traveler and had been to most parts of the country. He later settled in Nairobi to work as cook for the missionaries who had made inroads into the country. Onyango was then recruited to fight on behalf of England, Kenya’s colonial master during the infamous World War I. He visited countries in Europe as well as India (Collins et al. 179).Advertising Looking for report on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Upon returning from the war, he lived in Zanzibar for sometime. Family members believe that it was during his stay there that he converted to Islam from his former Christian faith impacted by the missionaries. Onyango Obama and his second wife Akuma had children one of whom was Barack Hussein Obama, Sr. However, Akuma left the family while the children was still too young. It was at this time that Sarah took over the responsibility of taking care of the children. She is referred most often by Barack Obama as his â€Å"grandmother.† Sarah was born in 1922 and lives in Kogelo, Kenya. First Generation The next generational level includes President Obama’s parents. Barrack Hussein Obama, Sr. was born in 1938 in a village called Nyangoma-Kogelo which is found in Kenya’s Siaya District (Powell 27). In 1982, he was killed in a car crash in the city of Nairobi. Obama was survived by several wives, Kuzia, Ann Dunham, Ruh, and Jael. With the other three wives, Obama Sr. had seven children. One of the half siblings died in 1981 and is buried in Nyangoma-Kogelo village, Siaya District (Collins et al. 181). The rest of the children live in Kenya, the United Kingdom or the United States. Barrack Obama Jr.’s parents first met while at the University of Hawaii as students (Collins et al. 181). Ann Dunham’s parents had moved there from Kansas City. Ann was born on November 27, 1942 in Wichita, Kansas. On the other hand, Barack Sr. was in Hawaii as student under the international exchange program. Later, Ann became an anthropologist in Hawaii and also worked in Indonesia. Barrack Sr. became an Economist with the Kenyan Government. The two were joined together in marriage in 1960 in Hawaii and bore Barack Hussein Obama, Jr. The marriage did not last long and ended after two years. Ann was married for the second time to Lolo Soetoro who was of Indonesian origin in 1964 (Powell 31). In 1966, Lolo went back to Indonesia after his student visa was revoked due to political instability in his country. Ann and Barack lef t for Jakarta in Indonesia a year later after she had graduated. The marriage produced a half sister for Barrack Jr. She is known as Maya and married to Komal. However, the second marriage collapsed after 14 years. Barrack Jr.’s mother died on November 7, 1995 after suffering from ovarian cancer (Collins et al. 181).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Barrack Obama Genogram specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first generation of the genogram depicts the immediate family of President Barack Hussein Obama. He was born on August 4, 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii at the Kapiolani maternity Gynecological Hospital. His parents are Barack Hussein Obama, Sr. and Stanley Dunham. The parents divorced when Barack Jr. was just two years of age after which the Barack Obama Sr. relocated to Massachusetts for further studies. He later went back to Kenya to take up a job in the government (Collins et al. 181). Barrack Jr. stayed b riefly in Indonesia before he sent sent back to the US to stay with Madelyn Payne, his maternal grandmother in Hawaii. He went on with his studies and later graduated from Columbia University and Harvard Law School (Powell 36). It was while in law school that President Obama met Michelle Robinson, his wife. They have two daughters, Malia (13) and Sasha (10). In 2008, Barrack Hussein Obama ascended to the presidency of the United States to become the first ever African American President. He will be seeking a second term in office during the next presidential elections. Collins, Donald, Jordan, Catheleen and Coleman, Heather. An introduction to family  social work. Cengage Learning, Inc., 2009, 178-181 Powell, Kimberly. Tracing the ancestry of Barack Hussein Obama. John Wiley and Sons, 2010, 24-37

POSNER TERMS 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

POSNER TERMS 2 - Essay Example For example, such teachings reduce the element of disruptive behaviors in students. Moreover, societal goals also help in creating a peaceful environment in schools by teaching students the way to become a productive part of society. My personal experience of studying social elements in curriculum has had a very dynamic influence on my overall personality. For example, they helped me live in society in a constructive manner. Similarly, they helped me learn the norms and values of living in a society. 2. Administrative Goal Administrative goals refer to the concept of maintaining and improving the administrative approach of organizations. These goals include compensation and management of teachers, implementation of employee safety programs, scheduling of buses, maintenance of buildings, ensuring maximum student and teacher attendance, and all such matters. The role of administrative goals in education is also very positive as they make students aware of the importance of managing thi ngs properly. Of course, students have to become administrators and leaders at homes and at work at some time in future, so they should have some knowledge regarding management of tasks in an effective manner. My personal experience regarding study of administrative goals in education is also very good. ... talk about the cognitive domain with regard to Bloom’s Taxonomy, we can say that it is an important element of success for a student because it directly deals with the writing objectives. It helps students gain knowledge and apply it in different circumstances of life. It also helps students in analyzing things from different perspectives, as well as in evaluating decisions based on surrounding elements. The role of bloom’s taxonomy in education is very influential as it promotes the process of thinking in education which is a key part of writing objectives. It focuses on evaluating and analyzing things, rather than just keeping the facts in mind. My personal experience regarding applicability of bloom’s taxonomy to writing objectives is very positive. For example, I learned the way to put my thoughts on paper after complete analysis and evaluation of thoughts. 4. Cognitive Domain Cognitive domain reflects the intellectual abilities of a person. They deal with th inking, remembering, and putting practice the learned concepts based on personal judgment and knowledge. This domain includes recognition of facts, understanding of procedural patterns, and development of intellectual skills. The role of cognitive domain in education is very influential because it deals learning and applying which arte two of the most critical elements of education. This domain improves the ability of students to learn, recall, and rationalize things. My personal experience is that cognitive domain helps in achieving success in educational, as well as in personal life. This domain helps me in reasoning and justifying the value of ideas based on surrounding circumstances. Similarly, this domain also helps me in troubleshooting, as well as in recognizing realistic facts in reasoning.

Assess Franklin D. Roosevelt. What do you think of him, his style of Essay

Assess Franklin D. Roosevelt. What do you think of him, his style of leadership, and his administration - Essay Example In 1928 he was nominated for the post of governor and won the election with a narrow margin and become governor. His image was created as an opponent of Tammany. In 1932 he appeared as a nominee of president and won the election with a wide margin this time. His campaigning was on the issue of great depression in united States of America. He made a new deal to the people of America. This deal was made in accordance with democratic party and this deal made democratic party as the majority party during the fifth party system. Roosevelt was president for two terms. The first term was from 1932 to 1937. When the first time he occupied the office the United States was under great depression of world war. United States economy was falling down. His presidency period was called as relief, recovery and reform. Relief to the unemployed people, recovery from the falling economy to its normal form and reform means to find the cause for this falling of economy. To recover from this depression he passed some bills and reset the confidence of his party members through some dramatic gestures. His new deal included the reforms that provided employment to several rural people and farmers in the rural projects.

Economic Implications of a US-Iranian War Essay Example for Free

Economic Implications of a US-Iranian War Essay Some have said that the United States and Iran have been involved in a â€Å"Cold War† for three decades starting with the fall of the taking of American hostages in 1979. One could trace the problems between Iran and the United States to the installation of the Shah in the 1950s. Regardless of the origins, the fact remains that Iran and the United States consider themselves enemies. As such, it is not out of the question that a war between the United States and Iran could break out. This creates a very complex scenario because of the global economic implications of a war between Iran and the United States. Iran is, of course, a major supplier of oil to the many allies of the United States. Japan, for example, is one of the United States’ strongest allies and it receives an enormous amount of oil from Iran. Similarly, many European allies receive imports of Iranian oil. A war between Iran and the United States would have tremendous global implications. Among these many implications would be serious potential negative implications for the world’s economy. Several of these different â€Å"nightmare scenarios† will be explored in this essay. First, it is important to state there are different ways to wage war. Some methods such as supporting the overthrow of the Iranian government via supporting resistance forces might not have the impact of the global economy to the same degree as a series of surgical airstrikes or a ground invasion. In this essay, the subject of ‘war’ will be discussed in its most conventional sense. Specifically, it will be defined as a large scale, drawn out military conflict between the two nations. One of the most strategic areas the United States must consider when it comes to Economic Implications of a US-Iranian War 2 the issue of a war with Iran is the fact that Iran is completely reliant on the importation of gasoline. Without shipping access, the ability for Iran to maintain its importation of gasoline would be impossible. Of course, it would be to the United States’ interest to enact a naval blockade on Iran to prevent the importation of gasoline. This would almost immediately lead to Iran further rationing its gasoline supply in order to effectively operate its military. While it would not be accurate to state that a naval blockade would immediately end the war (Iran’s navy could attack the US’ navy and potentially reverse the blockade) However, the scenario of no imports or exports would also cripple Iran’s ability to deliver oil to other nations in the world. This would then have potentially enormous economic impacts on the global markets. The notion that there would be serious economic implications resulting from a war between the United States and Iran has been weighed by many serious thinkers. â€Å"earlier in July when Iran tested missiles capable of reaching Israel and other corners of the Middle East, the price of oil jumped to a new high of over $147 per barrel. In fact, some analysts see the impact of U. S. —Iran relations on the oil market as so important as to suggest the best way to give quick relief to energy consumers around the world is a declaration by the U. S. that military force is not an acceptable option in its dispute with Iran. † (Esfahani) This is why there is so much concern globally regarding a potential United States/Iranian conflict. At the core of mostly all basic economics is the theory of supply and demand. If Economic Implications of a US-Iranian War 3 the supply of something is limited and high demand remains in place, the price of the item increases. This then creates the issue of opportunity costs. When you buy something with your money, you have eliminated the potential to use that same money for something else. In other words, if the price of gasoline skyrockets and people have to pay more for it, then they will be depleted their cash reserves or increasing their borrowing. Oil is also employed for the production of electricity which would also increase in price in the face of an oil embargo. Once again, the drain on personal finances as a result of such increased energy and fuel costs would cut into every sector of the global economy. Discretionary income would drop and leisure purchases and even the purchases of necessities would diminish rapidly. What would be the effect of this on the economies of various nations? The impact would be felt on a variety of front. The stock market, for example, would experience a great deal of negative impact as a result of such diminished spending. When people are not purchasing, the stocks of many companies may decline. After all, their profit margins could decline. Granted, there are many steps a company can take to make sure its stock price remains stable. For example, reducing the workforce or cutting spending in other areas would aid in boosting stock prices. However, if something is not done to present the lowering of stock prices, economies will take an immediate tumble. Those with investments in the market would see their net worth diminish. If one Economic Implications of a US-Iranian War 4 sees a 25% decline in the value of their portfolio, they will see a 25% decline in their net worth. Again, this is how simple economics works and such an impact will assuredly be the result of a large scale (or even minor military skirmish) between Iran and the United States. There really would be no way to avoid such a chain of events from occurring if a war broke out between the Unites States and Iran. This is because there will be an enormous impact on the price and flow of oil if such a war was to break out. Such an occurrence could not be circumvented in any way. As one can infer, this ties heavily into the concept of aggregate demand which would be the definitive demand for goods and services in a particular economy at certain specific price levels. As one could logical infer, demand for high priced items in this situation of reduced consumer cash liquidity would certainly hamper purchases of high priced items or items that are not considered of vital importance to one’s sustenance. This can lead to s significant reduction in output – the total value of all services and goods produced in the economy – within a very short period of time. We will see the impact of this in the Mundell-Fleming Model (An aggregate demand model) which would detail the relationship between the inflation of prices combined with the actual output of goods and services. In the simplest of terms, high inflation combined with a slow decline in goods and services could prove cataclysmic for an economy. But, even with high inflation, it would be safe to say that the potential for the Mundell-Fleming model to maintain a high supply of goods and services is possible in the United States. The reason for this is that the various sectors of the United States Economic Implications of a US-Iranian War 5 economy are so vast that there will be those able to purchase goods and services even at inflated prices. Some professions would not be as significantly impacted by high fuel or energy costs. As such, there may be a certain level of maintained stability within model even though a large section of the population may still be suffering. Issues surrounding a war with Iran are complex and far reaching. This includes the actual manner in which the war would be waged. Considering the size of the US and Iranian military, no option would be off the table in terms of how the war would be waged. Case in point, the utilization of tactical nuclear weapons by the United States may be necessitated. This is not to say that tactical nuclear missiles would be a first response or that they would be directed towards civilian targets. However, there are possibilities that could necessitate the use of such weapons by the United States. For example, Iran has tens of thousands of cruise missiles. The threat of launching thousands of these missiles into Israeli cities, European cities, or neighboring American military bases would potentially require the detonation of the missile silos with tactical nuclear arms. A wide scale Iranian invasion of neighboring countries such as Iraq could require a tactical response. Use of chemical weapons by Iran would constitute a WMD attack and lead to a nuclear response. Really, there are many different variables at work here. Again, this is not to say that a war between the United States and Iran would automatically lead to nuclear strikes. However, the potential for such strikes exist in any large scale military conflict. This would have a devastating impact on the world economy Economic Implications of a US-Iranian War 6 for a number of reasons. The possibility of a nuclear strike destroying oil fields would be a potential scenario. The presence of radiation reducing the amount of work that can be performed on oil wells is another. Such scenarios are grim when discussed in an antiseptic manner. In the decades since the detonation of the atomic bomb in Hiroshima, the horror of a nuclear strike’s effects have not been dulled on the senses of people. However, the specter of the potential use of such weapons is always present. As such, the impact – both human and economic – must be weighed. Because of the potential for a tactical nuclear strike leading to arms races in the region (Other nations will want their own nukes as a deterrent to future strikes), the need for a significant conventional force is required. This means the war will have to be funded to handle a long campaign and potentially significantly longer post-war rebuilding phase. This will cost significantly in terms of government expenditures which, in turn, means the deficit will skyrocket. With very high, out of control deficits, a number of seriously negative economic situations could develop. First, a debtor nation may not be able to provide for the common good of society. As such, it must take steps to reduce the impact of the deficit. One method involves printing more money and the other process involves increasing taxes. Both methods have the potential for significant economic harm. When a nation prints more money in order to meet obligations tied to a deficit, it the value of the currency will decrease. A weakened dollar comes with many problems. Economic Implications of a US-Iranian War 7 Namely, investment is seriously hampered since the dollars that you amass are worth less. Additionally, there will be a disinclination on the part of foreign investors to put their money into the US market. There would be limited value for their doing so since the dollar is declining meaning their investment capital in dollars would potentially decline as well. Debt holders of US bonds would also become more nervous since they would be losing money on their investment. As pointed out in BUSINESSWEEK, â€Å"As the currency deteriorates, it becomes more expensive to import goods and services from other countries, fueling inflation. In an effort to pull investors back, central banks often raise interest rates when their national currencies lose value. But as anyone who remembers the 70s knows, the combination of rising interest rates and on-the-run inflation can be a devastating economic cocktail. † (Rosenbush) In some cases, foreign investment is critical for the spurning of employment and economic growth. With foreign companies opting to avoid putting their money into the United States, the unemployment could increase which further raises deficit potential. This is due to the fact that more unemployed people means less tax dollars paid to the government. Additionally, unemployment creates greater dependency on welfare which also contributes to higher deficits. All of this further sets the stage for inflation which makes goods and services less affordable to the public. This further damages the economy and adds to the deficits. Tax Economic Implications of a US-Iranian War 8 increases are commonly pointed to as a solution, but their value is limited. When money is taken out of the private sector and placed in the treasury, it makes job creation harder. This, in turn, makes economic recover more difficult as well. If an economic recovery if difficult to expedite, then it becomes much harder to get out of it. That is because the sheer volume of economic pain induced by the many months or years of poor economic factors and growth create complexities and problems that multiply. Again, this makes reversing a poor economy more difficult. As such, some may wonder why the United States’ policy towards Iran may be so hard lined. The reason is that not treating Iran as a threat could prove equally harmful to economic and security interests. Iran’s agitation towards the United States prime allies is not helpful for US strategic security. Also, Iran’s potential domination of the other oil countries in the Middle East does not appeal to US economic interests. As such, there will be perpetual tension between the two countries. Hopefully, such tensions will not lead to war but preparedness for such actions is required. Considering the economic impact of such action, war should be the perennial last resort or option to be executed. So, far it has been averted and will hopefully remain averted for the foreseeable future. Most do not tie the economic ramifications to military action. However, the two are intertwined. Wars need to be funded and there are additional economic costs associated with military action. This is why sensible nations do not rush to war and as well they should not. But, this does not mean a nation should not prepare for the potential worst case scenario.While the US is not is a rush to engage Iran militarily, it understands the potential for such a conflict needs to be adequately prepared for. Works Cited Esfahani, e. (2008, September). The Economic consequences of us-iran relations. Retrieved from http://www. ideals. illinois. edu/bitstream/handle/2142/9093/ policy_brief. esfahani. final. pdf? sequence=2 Rosenbush, S. (2004, November 12). The Pros and cons of a weak dollar. Businessweek, Retrieved from http://www. businessweek. com/bwdaily/ dnflash/nov2004/nf20041112

contiential not drifting but raising :: essays research papers

A skull of 95 million year old dinosaurs which unearthed from narmada river bed region of India has raised hot debate among researchers. Because the dinosaurs fossils totally contradict with the theory of continental drifting which proposed by German meteorologist Alfred Wagner. According to this theory before 200 million years ago all the present day continents were jointly present and the super continent was called as pangaea.and then splited in two major continents called as northern laurasia and the southern gonduwana.the theory continue to explains... From the gonduwana south America, south africa, antartica, australia, india and Madagascar separated before 150 million year ago and India was splited and drifted northward crossing the equator 70 million year ago and then collided with the Asian continet.due to the collision the Himalayas was formed and the collision also caused earthquake. But based on the study of dinosaur?s skull paleontologist say the dinosaurs that unearthed from the Gurath region was appeared 95 million years ago. The Gujarat dinosaurs have close relation with the dinosaurs that lived in South America and Madagascar. How this species can reach India that evolved after the splitting of these continents. To solve this problem today the supporters of Wagner explained that the splitting of gonduwana splited before 100 millions years ago instead of 150 million years ago. But this explanation was seriously questioned by a dinosaur?s species known as saropod.this saropod dinosaurs appeared just 65 million years ago. The saropod dinosaurs also lived in South America, and Madagascar. During this period the Indian continent splited from this continents and crossed the equator and existed as an island continent which surrounded by ocean. so obviously there is no way for the saropod dinosaurs to reach India. And supporters of Wagner also have no explanation for this question. But paleontologist said saropod dinosaurs entered in to the India before 65 millions years ago. This proves that India has always attached with Asia as now. And also disproved the drifting continents story. If the continents were not drifting then what caused the earthquake? Whale fossils are discovered from simla hill region and Kutch region of gujaath.which indicate the continents are raising from beneath the ocean. And it is become clear the rising of continents from the earth surface caused the earth trembling. PROOF FOR CONTINENTS ARE RISING UPWARD Posted Date : 26/05/2005 - Author: G.Ponmudi Trilobites is a shrimp like creatures which lived 540-560 millions years go under seawater and for some unknown reason they become extinct.

Palliative Care Essay

1. What is Palliative Care? (150 words) Palliative Care is a care provided when someone is living with, and dying from a fatal chronic condition where the primary goal is maintaining quality of life. It provides special supportive care for anyone who is suffering a life-threatening condition approaching the end of life. Palliative care is for any age, those with cancer or any other terminal diagnosis, people of any ethnic or cultural background, whether they may live in the countryside or the city. Palliative care maintains quality of life, provides comfort although it does not cure, It relieves pain and distress for patients who are on a terminal condition. Palliative care also offers support for the patient’s family members supporting them in bereavement 2. What is meant by a life limiting illness (50 words) A life limiting illness is the term used to describe the illnesses where death is expected to be the foreseeable future of that specified illness. This can be both malignant and non-malignant illness. Such illness may include cancer, renal disease, dementia, heart disease chronic liver disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 3. Identify five members of a Palliative care multi -disciplinary health care team and briefly state what knowledge and skills each discipline contributes to the team . 1) Nurses – Nurses are the front liners in patient care and directly deals with the patient. Registered Nurses plan, direct, and coordinate care. License practical nurses works with RNs and other health professionals to provide direct care. 2) Pharmacists – The pharmacist can educate the patient and the family on how to take and manage side effects of the medications; give the doctor advice on how to administer the medication, prepare the medication, help set a schedule of taking medication, and provide ongoing monitoring of all medications. 3) Chaplains – Chaplains addresses the spiritual needs of patients like praying and answering theological questions. The help with the search for meaning in the person’s life and in the reflection of matters of faith such as prayer and rituals 4)  Physician/Family Doctor – The physician is the one in charge of a person’s medical care and works closely with the patient, patient’s family, and the palliative home care. The family doctor can refer the patient for palliative care consult. 5) Social Workers – Social workers help the patient and family in dealing with personal and social problems of illness. They assist in making referrals to community services, planning discharge to home or to a hospice, and completing advance directives in case a person loses the ability to speak for himself. 4. Describe how nurses could facilitate a â€Å" good death† by following the palliative care approach (75 words) Nurses are the one that provide direct care to the patients. They are the one who assess the patient and the first one to see any improvements or any abnormalities on patient’s condition. Nurses are the one who manage the pain and any discomfort of the patient. They are the one whom the patient talks to about their feeling and nurses must use their therapeutic and non-therapeutic communications when handling palliative patients. Nurses must also provide a safe and comfortable environment to the patients and removing any stimuli. 5. Describe how respiratory and cardiovascular factors in terminal illnesses affect the clients ADLS ADL’s are greatly affected by respiratory and cardiovascular factors because they are unable to do things they used to do. In a simple walk they can be easily exhausted, fatigued and feeling weak. Sometimes they need assistance to do their daily routine because they cannot handle it by themselves. This is all because of the respiratory and cardiovascular factors that affected them, there will be decrease in circulation and oxygenation making them feel weak on doing simple tasks. In serious cases, patient might have other complications due to lack of exercise and immobility like pneumonia and pressure areas. 6. Research and summarise the practices of Aboriginal people in relation to death and dying (100 words ) Indigenous Australians have similar practices to the general Australian population the main differences that when they gather for the purpose to share their grief and sorrow they will never again speak the name of the deceased as they believe this may stop their spirit  from moving onto the next stage of life. At the wake they paint themselves with ochre body paint and sing, dance pray assisting the soul of their loved one to move along and return to their birthplace to be re born. Their belief is that all things may posses a soul and that the soul of the deceased may return in any form even that of a rock. These ways are very traditional and differ even between tribal areas and current beliefs of the individuals. 7. What is an Advanced Health Directive and describe the advantages of having a directive in place? A written document stating ones wishes for care, primarily life sustaining measures when he or she is no longer capable to express him/herself/ 8. What is meant by life sustaining measures? Put simply is when your bodies system fails and will not recover leaving the only outcome of death a machine is used to replace the function 9. What happens if a client has no AHD and becomes too ill to express their care wishes? (30 words) When a client has no AHD they are treated as normal under the health teams objective to preserve life meaning they will be resuscitated and all attempts will be made to maintain life. Alternatively this is where the decision-making can become that of the families or a member of family. 10. Can instructions be written for doctors to assist the client to die? and how (30 words ) Advance health directives are used by patients for their future treatment when they cannot be able to speak by themselves. Doctors cannot assist the patient to die unless it is the will of the patient. There cannot be written any instruction to assist the patient to die as currently this is illegal and the health practitioner that does perform such duties with be trialled for murder. 11 . Can a client change or revoke an AHD ?. (30 words )  Patient can change their advance health directive at any time, provided that they will still have the decision – making capacity. Patient can also revoke their AHD having their signature witnessed. 12. .A family is in conflict over the treatment of their family member who is dying .The patient is in a terrible amount of pain ,yet some members want less pain relief as they don’t want him to be too drowsy .Should the patient be able to die with dignity with controlled pain relief or live longer in pain ? Explain your rationale and reflect your thoughts on this .Also how would you support the family with this dilemma ? (100 words) The aim of palliative care is to maintain integrity and quality of client’s life while he/she is battling an incurable illness. Quality of life includes ensuring that the patient is comfortable and pain free. In this situation, providing education to the patient’s family is important by trying to make them understand the advantages as well as disadvantages of providing pain relief to the client. Providing terminally ill patients adequate pain relief is vital in the outcome of palliative care. 13. The care plan states that your patient is to have a shower every day at the family’s request .You are helping to get out of bed and she states â€Å" I don’t think I can shower today â€Å"You also note that she is short of breath. What is the appropriate response to this situation? What actions would you take? (50 words) I will assist the patient back in bed and elevate the head of bed to 45 degrees or higher then check her vital signs. In short, I will grant the patient’s wish of staying in bed and let the patient rest. If she prefers a bed bath because she’s not feeling well, then bed bath should be rendered. I will also assess her vital signs and neurological observations then inform the RN and the attending physician. How would you communicate these events to the patients family when they arrive ? Once the family arrives, we could inform them that the patient is not feeling well and is short of breath so she refused to be given a bath. Explain to them that vital signs were checked, attending physician has been informed of the situation, and appropriate intervention was already given. 14†¦Consider the following symptoms and list strategies you could use to implement to assist the client (150 words) Abdominal bloating and discomfort Moist gurgling respirations Reddened sacrum Dysphagia Opioid induced constipation Strategies include: Instruct client or family to avoid carbonated drinks and gas forming food such as cabbage and beans. Advise to chew slowly and not to eat too much food at once Inform the doctor about the condition for a medication to be ordered if not alleviated Maximising the client’s oxygenation through positioning the client upright Providing supplemental oxygen and maintaining patent airway through deep breathing exercises Suctioning if required Physiotherapy 15. Describe how you would respond to the following questions /request for information Why is he continuing to have pain when he is barely conscious? Although the client is barely conscious, it doesn’t mean that he is not in pain. The manifestations of pain could not only be appreciated through verbal or physical gestures but also through vital signs. Pain could cause the blood pressure to shoot up as well as the respiration and pulse rate. Why does her breathing sound so bad? The breathing is due to the decrease in oxygenation that causes the respirations to be rapid or slow, shallow and irregular. Breath sounds may become wet and noisy, which are due to the accumulation of mucus in the airways and the patient’s inability to expectorate their secretions due to muscle weakness and decreased gag reflex. How much longer will this go on for? (50 words) This kind of breathing will go on until the vital organs and systems stop  functioning. Generally, respiration ceases first. 16 . Palliative care can be challenging environment to work in. Discuss ways in which you could ensure you care for yourself and why this is so important It is important to maintain a healthy body & mind if you are to be working in such an environment as you are a key element of care to both the patient and their family. Ways to maintain your own health are to maintain a journal and to actively seek out and debrief or find a professional to discuss your personal concerns with. Fitness and physical activities or simple stretches and/or yoga or pilates sessions can also be just as beneficial as much as it is about your physical benefits it can also assist in relinquishing any built up stressors. 17†¦Mr J ones care plan states that he must have a blood transfusion if his HB falls below 8.0 .Hi test today shows 6.5 .He is short of breath and fatigued .As the RN leaves the room after informing Mr Jones that he is to have a transfusion he says that he does not want the transfusion and that he has had enough and just wants to die .What are your actions and response to this situation ? (50 words) As it is already established why he does not wish to receive the treatment I would simply discuss why the transfusion is done and how non invasive the process is and its benefits. However in saying this the situation presented is one where the patient is obviously in emotional distress. I would notify the RN, MO &/or Doctor. Depending upon the end resolve next of kin may also be notified should treatment cease so as they can be prepared for any outcome. In my scope I would notify & document. Provide education where needed and support the patient making referral to social services or identified individuals who have already had dealings with the patient on a faith or belief basis it may also be beneficial. The MO/Doctor will deem if the patient is of sound mind to make such decisions and/or discuss with the patients substitute decision maker/s. 18. .Access a local group or organization in your community and identify what resources the organization offers to patients and their families for  bereavement counselling ,education and support .How can clients access the information (50 words)? A good provider of a full range of services is the Salvation Army as being already well established they have an extensive knowledge base and well thought processes being implemented. Counseling and education is available over the phone 24/7 and can be useful for any circumstance from distress & grief to suicidal moments. They also offer face to face counceling and can cover a full topic range, along with those already mentioned they can also discuss and assist with finance, drug abuse, domestic violence, homelessness, youth issues and even hostel and aged care assistance. The salvation armies care line phone number nationally is 1300 36 36 22 19†¦Care of the body after death is a vital aspect of palliative care and is based on cultural and religious beliefs, which includes issues of organ donation ,post mortem and autopsy .Briefly provide some information on the above in regards to – The Jewish community ( 40 words ) From the time of death to the funeral the body is to always be accompanied and never alone. Jewish religious law also preserves the respect for the dead. These rites may include: Closing of eyes and mouth Applying clay over the eyelids Facing the body toward the door Placing the body on the floor for 20 minutes Placing the arms alongside the body rather than folded over the chest Purification of the body Wrapping the body in a white shroud and (for men) in a prayer shawl Customarily, only members of the same sex are permitted to touch the corpse These rituals may be facilitated by family members, the funeral home, and/or the Chevrah Kadish (burial society) Keeping with the Jewish laws of not mutilating a body autopsies and organ donations can also be prohibited but it has been known on occasion for organs to be donated to family members. – The Muslim community (40 words ) For those of Islam the process is quiet simple the body is to be bathed and  shrouded (3 pieces of cloth for men and 5 for women) and buried as soon as possible. In the meanwhile prays will be made and loved ones begin grieving and the mourning process over 3 days. The main points of interest is that the grave is to be aligned perpendicular to Mecca as for other burial traditions they vary between regions. Cremation is forbidden and organ donation is permissible generally as long as it is to save life. Autopsies are a grey area in that there is no religious decry but many would prefer not to as a quick burial is preferred however if it where for legal reasons it has been allowed. 20. Discuss three legal and ethical issues that are related to Palliative. Briefly discuss (80 words) http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/archive/news/giving-my-dad-final-dignity/story-e6freah3-1111118720637?nk=5be06e19d7df58d1a484641fb445fb30 Legal Issues: Currently under law and a part of all practitioners industry acts is to do no harm as I have discussed previously any practitioner under current legislation to participate in euthanasia would be tried for murder. I don’t agree with this personally and even more so that should the individual perform the duties themselves it would be considered suicide negating any legacy or insurances taken to look after their families as part of their comfort in knowing the family will be cared for. Ethically: I agree with the article (link above) in that humans do play god in most aspects of the anatomy and health care we provide interventions that would cease the natural course of any ailment, we preserve the life of those inflicted with chronic illnesses, we intervene in every aspect even without knowing the full course or purpose of the health issue in the first place. The results of intervention are starting to become clear in our society, reduced immunity, fragile and susceptible bodies I believe may only be the beginning what happens after a couple generations of this. Yet we will sit on our hands when the individual is left with no dignity, pride or human rights and wait for what could now almost be looked as The Miracle of Death. Did the gather hunters have it right back in the beginning? I think if I where void of all senses and only had very basic neurological activity and being kept alive for the sole purpose of viewing and an observation tool I think if I could speak I would speak of cruelty and probably win a court case for it.  Don’t get me wrong though, I am not pro euthanasia either however if we are to take a debate on that topic then why stop intervening in nature and playing god when it comes to end. 21. List some of the ways that you can manage the hydration and nutritional requirements of the client during the end of life stage (80 words ) A fluid balance chart, cardiovascular and visual observations of skin turgor, lips and mucousal linings would be a good indication for both hydration and nutrition. Depending how long the client has been in your care you may also be able to view changes in nails, hair and eyes these may also be good diagnostic tools and also ensure regular visits from the dietician and adherence to the plan. 22. Pain management is an important aspect of palliative care. Discuss six ways that pain symptoms can be managed without medication (50 words ) Any distraction can assist in removing the focus from pain. Massage can assist in relieving muscles, has a diversion and therapeutic effect also. Hot & cold packs, sleep, exercise, music, essential oils and simple stretches all can contribute in alleviating or reducing pain. 23 . List five barriers to effective pain management (30 words ) A barrier is as defined is anything that can restrict the patient from achieving an outcome. Given this as a starting point and making the target to be effective pain management or free of then the barriers are endless. They can range from family members to low medication supply through to increased resilience to medications or organ failure. Not to mention the individuals psyche emotion and physical state, they may manifest pain that doesn’t exist or they may be overly stressed causing pain to increase they may also be in blatant refusal of care, have fears, language & cultural differences, communication the barriers are endless and should I have a full education in multiple fields and endless time to study and read random information I’m sure there would be many others to add to the list. 24. List the five stages of dying according to Dr Kubler -Ross ( 10 words) The five stages of dying are  Denial- this is natural and defence mechanism where people may not accept the fact that they are dying or will die. Anger- Upon realisation of the situation to they may get frustrated and angry about their predicament, how and why it has happened. Bargaining- in this stage they realise that they are dying soon and pray for more time. Such phrases like ‘I’ll be a better person, father or Partner’ would be commonly heard. Depression- The person has accepted the fact and is sad about the fact they are dying. They have realised the ultimatum and may have regret over past choices or behaviours and can do nothing about it. Acceptance- People realise that they are dying and finally accept it and have come to a kind of peace with the situation. CASE STUDY # 2 Using this case study Outline some nursing interventions that demonstrate applying a palliative care approach using the following headings (150 words) – Spiritual: Patient in a palliative care often spend their time praying and they become closer to God as they get old. Always respect the patient’s beliefs and values. If the patient is praying do no interrupt him and to the procedures when he is finished praying. Ask him if he want a priest to visit him and give him some prays. Always know the patient’s religion and his beliefs to avoid conflict on giving care – Comfort: The main goal of the palliative care is to give provide comfort to the patient. Always ask the patient how they are feeling or if they need some help. Simple chat with the patient makes them comfort, a simple questions like â€Å"How are you?† can make them feel special and they might think there is still someone who cares to them. Giving what patient’s need and attend to those needs makes the patient feels comfortable. – Legal: Patient at this stage have their Advance Health Directives, it is a legal document for that the patient did for his future treatment and must be implemented. Always provide patient’s autonomy. We as EEN must always maintain confidentiality and privacy of the patient. – Pain management: Pain assessment is important for management of the pain. We must always assess the patient’s pain and must have intervention to the pain not only in a pharmacological way but also in a non-pharmacological way because some of the patient cannot take too much medicines. Always ask the patient how are they and report to us if they feel any pain. – Elimination bowel and urinary: At this time patient’s elimination changed unlike before, some of the patient are incontinent of urine and faeces due to deterioration of the body. Make sure to educate the patient about normal aging that incontinence is a normal process of aging. We must monitor their Input and Output and document it on a Fluid Balance Chart if necessary. If the patient is constipated encourage them to increase fibre in diet and have some exercise. Assist the patient always in the toilet early in the morning and use toilet chair if necessary. – Skin Integrity: As the patient goes old, their skin becomes dry and fragile. Encourage the patient to use lotion or moisturiser on their skin so that their skin will not be dry. Prevent the patient to have pressure areas by repositioning the patient to different sides every 4 hours. Assess the skin for pressure areas and put some cream on those areas. Document any abnormalities to patient’s skin such as redness and bruise. – Mobility: Provide patient independence on their care to promote range of motion. Refer patient to physiotherapist if necessary. Encourage the patient to exercise daily. If the patient have mobility aids educate the patient on how to use it properly. – Mental health physiological support: Patients at this point becomes depressed and feels alone. Always provide communication to the patient using therapeutic and non- therapeutic approach. Always talk to the patient or ask the family to visit the patient. Describe how you could improve the room and environment for Alexander (100 words) Ask the children to bring pictures of themselves and the parents to  bring in any items they think would make the room more comfortable but allow Alexander to decide if they stay†¦ Greenery never hurts and/or a fresh breeze through the window and perhaps a couple science orientated magazines on the side table to peak his curiosity as if you do a trade long enough you will always have a professional interest whether you want it or not. Reference: Crisp, J, Taylor, C, Douglas, C & Rebeiro, G 2013, Potter and Perry’s Fundamentals of Nursing 4th Ed. Elsevier Mosby, Sydney. Brown, D., & Edwards, H. (2012). Lewis’s Medical Surgical Nursing (3rd ed.). 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